![]() ![]() Have all the features of the full versions. The Office applications look similar to the full version of Office, but they do not Office applications: Word, Excel, PowerPoint and OneNote. To create and edit files using lightweight, web browser-based versions of Microsoft Q: What is Office 365 Online or Office Web Apps?Ī: Office 365 Online is an online office suite offered by Microsoft which allows users Same password you use to access the COM computer network (labs, library, etc). Q: What is my NEW email username for Office 365?Ī: To login to the Office 365 e-mail system, the user name is your full email address Is my email password the same?Ī: Yes, your password has not changed and is the same network password. Q: What will my Office 365 E-mail Address be?Ī: The format for the Office 365 e-mail addresses will be How do I access the Office 365 E-mail System?Ī: You can click on the link from the main website or go directly to the Q: Where can I download my 5 FREE copies of MS Office?Ī: Visit Microsoft and follow the directions. Web apps are feature rich, they are not the same as the full version of Office 2013. It is important to note that while the Office Management, instant messaging, cloud storage, and Office online (online versions of Office 365 – Basic User Training Frequently Asked Questions:Ī: Office 365 is a suite of online applications providing email, calendaring, contact Your COM userID and password are required to access Atomic Learning ![]() Microsoft Office – Office Training for your PCĪtomic Learning Series – Office 365 Training.Microsoft Office – Office Training for your Mac.Microsoft Office – Office for iPhone Training.Microsoft Office – Office for iPad Training.Microsoft Office – Office for Android Tablet Training.Office 365 – Setup Office 365 on your Android.Office 365 – Set up Office 365 on your iPhone or iPad.Office 365 – Quick Reference Guide Office 365 & Office Training Resources 5 FREE Copies of Microsoft Office – Click here for instructions.Experience with Outlook, a cross- industry standard e-mail platform.E-mail, calendar, contacts, tasks sync across devices.Access to e-mail anywhere (PC, tablets, mobile phones).Office 365 e-mail will deliver a cutting edge and feature richĮ-mail experience to COM faculty, staff and students.īenefits that faculty, staff and students will experience include: College of the Mainland is excited to offer faculty, staff and students Microsoft ![]()
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![]() ![]() If you are not satisfied with the calendar templates from Microsoft, click on the download option to download it on your pc to download the online templates. Launch Ms Word document, click on the office button. This template has horizontal lines and enough free space for everyday notes. Download this free printable word calendar template for 2021 that includes the US holidays and space for notes. ❌ It’s a complex program to learn and use efficientlyīonus: Check out some of these Microsoft Word alternatives. The following steps work efficiently for Ms Word 2007 and the latter. Customize this using our online Word calendar creator tool. ❌ Difficulties with aligning text, tables, lines, and images for the desired effect are common problems ❌ Microsoft Office desktop applications (including Microsoft Powerpoint, Microsoft Excel, and more) are pricey. ❌ Microsoft Word functions on the toolbar/Ribbon are different from version to version ❌ Although Microsoft Word is a versatile platform, it’s also time-consuming to get to the desired result Here’s what you should know before investing time, energy, and resources in Microsoft Word: And its easy to resize social media designs for any platform, so you can reach your audience wherever they are. On the Home tab, under Themes, select from dozens of built-in themes available in the Themes gallery or find options to change just the theme fonts or theme colors. When youre done, share directly with your followers or audience in just a few clicks, or save to your device and share later. You move the image back to its original place Calendar templates are formatted by using themes that enable you to apply fonts, colors, and graphic formatting effects throughout the workbook with just a click. for Microsoft Word from version 2007 (. Everything below the image breaks formattingĤ. The Word templates range from a yearly calendar 2021 on a single page (the whole year at a glance) to a quarterly calendar 2021 (3 months/1 quarter on one page). This template includes some of the common U.S. You can use the table design features in Word to merge cells to show events spanning multiple days and change the cell shading to highlight specific events. ![]() Let us know if this is an accurate representation of using MS Word:ģ. This Word calendar includes multiple rows for each day to make it easy to add multiple events and reminders. Trying to master the sea of “basic” functions to create a document in MS Word can be summed up in one word: stressful. ![]() Now edit the new month with the correct dates.Want to save even more time? Try ClickUp Brain free Beware of the Microsoft Feature Creep If you chose Insert Page, then select the options you want. If you selected Insert Duplicate Page then you’re done, a duplicate page is inserted below the original page. In the Page Navigation pane on the left, right-click the page above where you want a new page and click either Insert Page or Insert Duplicate Page. for Microsoft Word from version 2007 (.docx file) Download template 2. free to download, editable, customizable, easily printable. Canada edition with Canadian public (statutory) holidays. months horizontally (along the top), days vertically. Don’t forget to submit your templates to the Office Online community Submit a template. yearly calendar for 2023 on 1 page, landscape orientation. In the Change Template dialog choose to either change your existing calendar by selecting Apply template to the current publication, or create a new calendar by selecting Create a new publication using my text and graphics. Creating Microsoft Office Word 2007 templates. In the Set Calendar Dates dialog box, enter new dates in Start date and End date. In the Change Template dialog box, click Set Calendar Dates. To change the dates on a normal calendar, add and edit a new calendar page by hand. ![]() To change the dates on one of these built-in templates, simply set the dates in the Change Template dialog box. The calendar templates that come with Publisher were designed to save you time. ![]() ![]() ![]() September can feel like a second new year, so it’s a great time to give our homes another deep clean. September Home Maintenance Checklist Tasks Declutter clothing and discard unneeded items.Work on general home repairs as needed.With back-to-school around the corner, August is a great time to wrap up repairs and focus on creating organized entries and clothing. Clean all of the hardware in your home.Make sure all locks and deadbolts are working correctly.Take care of lawn and garden maintenance.July tends to be full of fun summer activities, but we can still work on a few maintenance tasks to make sure our homes are running smoothly. Oil garage door chain, garage door, and door hinges.It’s time to wrap up any tasks that need to be completed before summer is in full swing! With the weather really warming up, May is a great time to complete some of the larger outdoor tasks like staining and pressure washing. Repair or replace damaged window screens.While continuing spring cleaning in April, it’s a great month to check the exterior of our homes for any damage that may have occurred during the winter months and begin to make repairs. Related: Free Printable Vehicle Maintenance Log April Home Maintenance Tasks Check the driveway and walkway for cracks.Spring cleaning typically kicks off in March! Along with focusing on deep cleaning, it’s time to start prepping those outdoor areas for spring. Make sure your sump pump is working correctly.Check grout in kitchen, bathrooms, and laundry room.We’re still mostly focusing on indoor tasks in February, but we can begin to think ahead toward spring and preparing for warmer weather as well. Declutter your home and send off unused items for donation.įebruary Home Maintenance Checklist Tasks.And we can use that extra boost of motivation that comes with the New Year to get ahead on our decluttering and cleaning! January Home Maintenance Checklist TasksĮven though it may be cold outside in January, there are plenty of indoor tasks that can be completed. The timing of these tasks will vary depending on where you live due to climate and the needs of individual homes, so plan accordingly. If we only assign ourselves a few tasks each month, keeping up with the maintenance of our homes will feel a lot less intimidating!īelow, we’ve listed some ideas for tasks you could add to your checklist each month. The second page of our home maintenance log breaks down tasks by month. ![]() Related: Free Printable Decluttering Checklist Home Maintenance Checklist by Month ![]() The frequency of the tasks on these lists can vary due to numerous factors, so if you prefer a different timeline than the suggestions laid out above, feel free to tweak them to meet your needs.
![]() There is no question of status, just parody. I mean, most people would probably be wed in a cathedral than in a cardboard house, right? And yeah, there's always that one thing people talk about Yes, but in the cases of most Japanese (at least in Tokyo), they have their wedding in special reception rooms or luxury hotels because their houses is too small for 100 people and often they don't even have a garden. I guess you could partially explain the expensive weddings with status. Didn't "love" in Japanese mean passionate love that can fade out pretty quickly more than the kind of love that's usually associated with the Western idea of marriage? ![]() I'm not saying that marriying for love is bad, I'm just trying to say that an arranged marriage might not be such a bad thing as long as you're not forced into it. They just sort of grew into the relationship and learned to love each other. This way, there wasn't any "where is the man I married 10 years ago" because she didn't love him at first so there wasn't any drop from cloud nine to reality. The interesting par tof this is that she said her marriage worked out because she didn't have any high expectations about her marriage - she just expected her husband to treat her well and support the family etc. She was, however, disappointed with the eternal search "for the one" and eventually went back to India and agreed to marry the man her parents had introduced to her. She had lived in the US before marriage, dated guys and so on. I mean, most people would probably be wed in a cathedral than in a cardboard house, right? And yeah, there's always that one thing people talk aboutĪnd talking about high expectations, I read an article form amagazine where an Indian woman told about ehr arranged marriage. And yet, the marriage rate is falling fast (for other reasons, such as discrimination at work for married women). I could positively say that the vast majority of the Japanese are obsessed by marriage. ![]() Why do they discuss the meaning of marriage, of what is a good husband (usually it means having a high and stable income more than anything else) or a good wife (usually that means cooking well, taking good care of the house, and let the husband go to hostess bar and watch porn whenever they want, etc.) ? Most traditional aspects of the wedding are also disappearing (like the exchange of gifts between families). So why are weddings so important in Japan, why do they invite so many people, hold them in such expensive places and prepare it so long in advance ? We can't even say it's because of tradition, as most younger people want to get married in a church/chapel with a fake priest, eventhough they aren't Christians, and women prefer at a rate of 10 to 1 to wear the Western-style white dress rather than kimono. in October, November) because they had to attend 3 weddings that months and pay 90,000yen. Guest usually have to pay about 30,000yen (300US$) to attend a wedding, and I have heard many people complaning (esp. No, not the honeymoon, but the wedding reception with all the guests ! People plan their wedding over a year before (in my case, if it weren't for my wife, that would have been like 2 month before, which is exceptionally long term for me) and many of the people I know even have their wedding in Hawaii (mostly), Australia, New York, etc. Always the big wedding in luxury hotels with 50 to 200 guests and 2 or 3 separate receptions. I haven't heard of small weddings with close relatives only. ![]() I hear people getting married all the time, and it is always a big event here. In fact, Yahoo Japan is the only one (I have checked a dozens other Yahoo from all around the world) to have a "kekkon" (結婚) category on its first page. ![]() Impossible to watch TV one day without having a programme about marriage/wedding, celebrities asked about their opinions about marriage, etc. After 3 years in Japan, I realise that I have never heard so many times the word marriage. ![]() ![]() ![]() Homebrew is similar to Macports and provides packages (aka formulas) to install, either by compiling them from source or by using pre-made binaries. Port file pointed to the current stable releaseĪnd we have reports from people who've built GIMP To install gimp using Macports, you simply do sudo port install gimp once you have Macports installed. The installer allows you to choose from a large directory of packages. Widely used FLOSS projects, though we won't list projectsĪn easy way to compile and install GIMP and other great Free software on your Mac is by using Macports. We only list some of these package systems here because they are Therefore you should report issues to the packagersįirst, before reporting to the GIMP team. Third party packages are not officially supported by the GIMP Previous installers for macOS/OSX can be found on. Since version 2.8.2, GIMP runs on macOS/OSX natively. Open the downloaded DMG and drag and drop GIMP into your These are vanilla builds without any third-party add-ons. Not in anyway connected to the GIMP team. Provide any package on Apple's App Store at the moment.Īny downloads on the store are created by third party and is !IMPORTANT! ⚠️ App Store: GIMP team does not. ![]() Supported OS: macOS 10.12 Sierra or newer Show downloads for x86_64 Warnings and information Please refer to the documentation for your Unix-like system on the installation of software. ![]() GIMP can also run on Solaris and is available for the BSD family of systems such as FreeBSD and OpenBSD. You can always fall back to using the following command line:įlatpak update Systems without flatpak support Once again, if your distribution does not have proper support, Instead if yourĭistribution and/or desktop has a good support for flatpak, it Work!) when a new version of GIMP is released. Have to come back on this page and install again (it will not This installation will also provide regular update. The meantime, you can still run it by command line (not as the If this is not the case, we suggest to report a bug to yourĭesktop or distribution asking for proper support of flatpak. Once installed, it will be made available exactly the same wayĪs other applications (menus, desktop overview, or any specificĪpplication launch process used by your desktop). Install GIMP, then manually install by command line: Installed and if clicking the link still does not prompt to Out-of-the-box on some platforms since the flatpak technology is The flatpak link above should open your software installerĪnd prompt you to install GIMP. Therefore choose your installation medium according to your Will likely provide faster updates, following GIMP releases The flatpak build is new and has known limitations, though it If available, the official package from your Unix-likeĭistribution is the recommended method of installing GIMP! ( note: i386 and ARM-32 versions used to be published, yetĪre now stuck at GIMP 2.10.14 and 2.10.22 respectively). The file transfer station supports mutual cloning of real machine virtual machine application files, eliminating tedious repeated installation.Flatpak build available in: x86-64 and AArch64.Support to modify the resolution, and can run in the background after the screen.with floating ball function,operation and switching are simple and convenient.Support to have multiple virtual machines. ROM system version of version 7.1 and 5.1.Dual-opening of games, dual-opening of apps, watching live broadcasts while playing games, chatting while playing games, smoother than cloud phones, and both work and life are correct.Support any application floating window, multiple applications can operate on the same screen.comes with root permission,pre-installed XP framework and Google mobile services,to meet the various needs of geek mobile phone lovers.Independent virtual mobile phone system,not restricted by the real machine system,can meet the needs of development and testing,without worrying about the risk of viruses and system crashes.We will build a ROM platform, and encourage users to change ROM spontaneously, and use their imagination to the limit.īuilt-in root environment,can run Xposed and other modules without root, pre-installed Google mobile service, support floating window of all applications, can operate two applications on the same screen, support custom resolution modification. VMOS Pro is a disruptive update from the original VMOS(Virtual Master) team.This time we will provide users with the right to customize ROM, and will no longer restrict users. ![]() ![]() ![]() When it comes to choosing a budget planner book, it's important to consider several key factors that can make a significant difference in your budgeting journey. What to Look for in a Budget Planner Book With its ability to track your budget, provide valuable insights, and keep you organized, a budget planner book is a valuable asset in your quest for financial success.Īnd don't forget that you can boost your savings with discounts and coupons using sites like BeFru gal and Rakuten. So, whether you're new to budgeting or a seasoned financial pro, a budget planner book is an essential tool to help you achieve your financial goals. With all the features conveniently consolidated in one place, a planner book makes it easier than ever to stay financially organized and make progress towards your desired financial outcomes. This habit helps you stay focused on your financial goals and supports responsible money management. By regularly recording your income and expenses, you create a routine that promotes mindful spending and savings. ![]() The book's organization allows you to break down your expenses into categories, such as groceries, bills, entertainment, and savings, ensuring that you have a comprehensive view of your financial landscape.įurthermore, a budget planner book encourages accountability and discipline. This awareness enables you to make adjustments when necessary and make better financial decisions. It provides structure and guidance, ensuring that you stay focused on your financial goals and always know where your money is going.”īy using a budget planner book, you can effectively track your budget and monitor your spending habits. “A budget planner book is like having a financial coach in your pocket. With the ability to see your progress and identify areas of improvement, a budget planner book empowers you to take control of your finances and make positive changes. By recording your income, expenses, and savings, you'll have a clear picture of your financial situation and can make informed decisions about your money. Whether you're aiming to save for a big purchase, pay off d ebt, or simply gain a better understanding of your spending habits, a planner can help you stay on track. With sections dedicated to setting financial goals, planning your budget, and tracking expenses, a budget planner book serves as a reliable companion in your journey towards financial success. These books provide a convenient and organized way to manage your finances, allowing you to keep all your money-related information in one place. ![]() Take control of your finances and achieve your financial goals with the right budget planner book.Ī budget planner book is a valuable tool designed to help you track your budget and achieve your financial goals.Understand the key features to look for in a budget planner book.Explore expert recommendations for the best budget planner books of the year.Learn what features to consider when choosing a budget planner book.Discover the top budget planner books of 2024 to manage your finances effectively.You'll learn what features to look for, discover expert recommendations, and find the perfect budget planner book to help you take charge of your finances and achieve financial success. In this article, we will explore the top picks for the best budget planner books of 2024. Can these budget planner books truly make this dream a reality? How do they work, and which one is the best for your specific needs? Imagine a world where budgeting becomes effortless, and you have complete control over your finances. These books are not just ordinary notebooks they are powerful tools designed to help you track your budget, set financial goals, and organize your expenses effectively. ![]() Are you tired of struggling to manage your finances? Do you find it challenging to stay on top of your budget and achieve your financial goals? If so, it's time to discover the best budget planner books of 2024 that will revolutionize the way you handle your money. ![]() ![]() Objective achievement rating: A measure of overall ability based on the premise that the primary objective is to win football matches - rather than, for example, long-term player development or balancing of club finances. How are the managers rated? The metrics defined (The findings are based on actual results that have been achieved over the past six seasons, incrementally weighted towards the most recent seasons, and relative to the strength of the league in which those results have been achieved.) We list the candidates in order of their suitability according to Carteret's analysis, based on a number of quantitative metrics to give an objective sense of the strengths and weaknesses for each head coach. For in working out the person to replace Klopp, it's all about the metrics.įormer Reds midfielder Xabi Alonso, also a favourite to replace Thomas Tuchel at Bayern Munich, has dominated much of the chat after leading Bayer Leverkusen to the top of the Bundesliga, but is he really the man to start a new Anfield era? If you are wondering what strategic intelligence and tactical command are, read on. His tactical command rating is even better." "For example, his strategic intelligence rating is very high. The company says: "Not only has Klopp achieved significant success over the past six seasons in terms of results, his individual metrics demonstrate an exceptionally high level of 'football intelligence'. Klopp has won all the major trophies in his Anfield tenure and remains on course for a quadruple this campaign, with Liverpool also top of the Premier League and still in the FA Cup and Europa League.Ĭarteret Analytics - which provides detailed manager assessments to Premier League, EFL, Bundesliga and MLS clubs - has assessed a series of possible candidates, as well as Klopp, to see who would do the best job. Shop with Sator Soccer to get the best gear at the best prices.Liverpool will have a new manager at the helm this summer for the first time since October 2015, after Jurgen Klopp revealed he would be stepping down at the end of the season.Īnd, as the popular Reds boss bids to win the club's first trophy of the campaign in Sunday's Carabao Cup final against Chelsea, the speculation continues about who could possibly be his successor. Additionally, our tactics boards and organizers are designed to be portable and easy to store, making them ideal for use in training, on the sideline, or in the locker room.ĭon't miss out on the chance to enhance your strategy and elevate your play with our soccer tactics boards and organizers. The magnetic pieces on our boards are durable and easy to handle, enabling coaches and players to implement their tactics with ease during games. Our soccer tactics boards and organizers are made from high-quality materials designed to withstand frequent use and long-term durability. Why Choose Our Soccer Tactics Boards and Organizers? ![]() Whether you're a seasoned coach or a young player looking to learn the game, our tactics boards and organizers can help you understand the intricacies of soccer strategy and tactics. Our boards and organizers allow for easy customization and modification of tactics, making in-game adjustments faster and more manageable. By visually representing players, formations, and set pieces, teams can improve communication and execution of their game plan during matches. Our soccer tactics boards and organizers help coaches and players plan tactics and strategies more effectively. ![]() Our tactics boards come in various sizes and styles, including magnetic boards with dry-erase capability, making them ideal for teaching players of all levels. These boards are designed to help coaches and players visualize formations, set pieces, and game plans, making communication and implementation of tactics more efficient and effective. Soccer tactics boards and organizers are essential tools for coaches to plan and execute game strategies. ![]() ![]() Mixing is mainly caused by turbulence, which is generated by frictional shear stresses at the bottom and the water surface. This is the usual situation, also in cases where strong mixing occurs over the water column. Blue=lower density, red=higher density.Ī body of water is referred to as 'stable' when the density decreases from bottom to surface. Well-mixed (left) and stratified (right) water column. The balance between small changes in salinity and temperature has great importance for the large-scale ocean circulation.įig. Sinking of surface layers implies that subsurface layers of lower density will emerge this process is called 'overturning'. In both examples sinking is enhanced by cooling. Partial freezing of a low salinity surface layer may also induce sinking by increasing the salinity of the unfrozen water this occurs in the polar regions. Evaporation of a warm surface layer increases its salinity, in which case it may sink this occurs in the North Atlantic. Warm, low salinity water tends to stay near the surface whereas cool, high salinity water tends to stay near the bottom. (3), an increase of 1 g / kg in salinity has about the same effect on the seawater density as a decrease of 4-5 oC in temperature. Seawater density decreases with increasing temperature and increases with increasing salinity. ![]() In turbid coastal waters, the suspended sediment concentration in g / kg has to be added in this expression. This expression holds for the temperature range 0\lt T\lt 40 \ oC, the salinity range 0 \le S\lt 42 and for pressures lower than p\lt 10 bar. Source: NASA.Īn accurate empirical expression for the density-salinity-temperature relationship for coastal waters has been derived by Fonofoff and Millard (1983 ). Salinity-temperature dependence of seawater densityįig. Because of the primary focus of the Coastal Wiki on coastal waters, the dependency on pressure will be ignored in this article. Pressure only plays a role at depths much greater than those of coastal waters. The seawater density \rho in the ocean mainly depends on salinity S, temperature T and pressure p. Knowledge of the seawater density is therefore prerequisite for understanding and modelling marine processes. The same holds for the small-scale turbulent velocity fluctuations that are responsible for mixing processes in oceans, shelf seas and estuaries. The large-scale long-term mean currents in the ocean and in estuaries largely depend on the density differences between water masses. 3 Processes induced by density differencesĭensity gradients play a prominent role in marine hydrodynamics.2 Salinity-temperature dependence of seawater density.You can see how this formula works reading the example above or/and choosing another one at the bottom of this page. That is exactly the formula that we use in this calculator. M kg v m³ = m lb v gal × mcf vcf, but m kg v m³ is, by definition, the density (d) in kg/m³, soįinally, we can generalize this formula any units of mass and volume, since we know how to find the values for mcf and vcf (Check the factor tables below). Now, dividing the equation (1) by the equation (2), we get Volume in cubic meters = volume in gallons × vcf or We will call 0.003785411784 the volume conversion factor - vcf To transform the volume from gallons to cubic meters we should multiply the volume in cubic meters by 0.003785411784. Mass in kilograms = mass in pounds × mcf or We will call 0.45359237 the mass conversion factor - mcf To transform the mass from pounds to kilograms we should multiply the mass in pounds by 0.45359237. If we have, for example, mass in pounds and volume in gallons, we should do something to correct our result. For example, mass in kg and volume in liters. But this works fine when the density value we have (from a chart for example) is defined using the same unit of volume and mass that we will use in the formula. Very simple isn't it? Yes, it is as simple as that. Mass = density × volume = 750 × 2 = 1500 Kg Plugging the values in the formula, we get Well, by definition of density we just need to use the formula:Įxample: How much does 2 cubic meters of gasoline weigh in kilograms if the gasoline density is 750 kg/m³? ![]() How to convert from volume to mass (incorrectly called weight)?
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![]() ![]() Prefaced with a geographical account of colonial India and Canada, the author goes on to study masculinities and out-of-place Britishness in these places which have growing railway networks.ĭespotopoulou also casts a critical eye over Rhoda Broughton, Dora Russell and Margaret Oliphant’s female protagonists. ![]() She takes a long-awaited critical reading of Flora Annie Steel in chapter three, ‘Breaching National Borders: Rail Travel in Europe and Empire,’ comparing her to Rudyard Kipling in terms of writing style. Despotopoulou’s examination of understudied mid-century female writers is particularly enlightening. Despotopoulou’s analysis is largely literary – she cites George Gissing’s The Odd Women (1893) as a fictional example of a sexual liaison on a railway which is consensual but morally dubious on both sides. These troublesome and complex representations are of course manifested in the literature of the period. ![]() Despotopoulou exposes the argument that women were incompatible with the increasing modernising era because of their biology. Despotopoulou highlights the charges of rape which took place in the latter part of the century, which were fetishized in the anonymously published pornographic text Rape on The Railway (1984).( 3) Before the innovation of corridors between carriages, the train compartment was a site of threat which lasted for the duration of the journey.įurther alienating women from the exciting promises of the railway – chiefly the licence to travel widely and quickly – the author criticises the discourse which still sentimentally associated women with a pre-industrialised idyll. Moreover, the railway was an environment for incidents of sexual violence. Victorian women’s lack of engineering knowledge, combined with their obligation to uphold societal morality on-board, limited their scope for power in the railway context, confirming it as a male realm. Despototpoulou writes in chapter one, ‘Geographies of Fear in the Age of Sensation’, that women were ‘rendered vulnerable by a presumed ineptitude’ (18). The male skilled workforce involved in rail transportation in the burgeoning industrial era meant that women were largely excluded from the employment opportunities brought by the railway. Although there are arguments to define the train carriage as a kind of non-space (Marc Augé has suggested that the hotel or the supermarket for instance fit into this category), in the nineteenth century existing gender relations had to be defined in an entirely new space in a context which evoked the public and the private two categories whose contradistinction was upheld by Victorian society.( 2) The author suggests that the railway was a space to consolidate gender roles as well as challenge the separate spheres and expose the fallibility of such distinctions. As a newly invented mode of transport (mechanised rail transport systems first appeared in England in the 1820s) men, women, and their relation to the industrial system were being continually redefined. ![]() Building on seminal studies on the Victorian public’s relationship with the railway such as Wolfgang Schivelbusch’s The Railway Journey (1977) and Michael Freeman’s Railways and the Victorian Imagination (1999), and more recent studies such as Wendy Parkins’s Mobility and Modernity in Women’s Novels, 1850s – 1930s (2009), Despotopoulou’s book provides a much-needed focus on the gender relations inherent in the experience of working and being a passenger on the railway. Yet as Anna Despotopoulou highlights, railway travel for women was not always such a liberating experience.ĭespotopoulou’s book presents a multi-faceted view of women’s experience on railways. Wells’s eponymous heroine Ann Veronica epitomises the feminist fin-de-siècle This brief description encapsulates a micro history of women’s social conduct on the railway in various ways H. ‘She had a compartment to herself in the train from London to Morningside Park, and she sat with both her feet on the seat in an attitude that would certainly have distressed her mother to see, and horrified her grandmother beyond measure she sat with her knees up to her chin and her hands clasped before them, and she was so lost in thought that she discovered with a start, from a lettered lamp, that she was at Morningside Park, and thought she was moving out of the station, whereas she was only moving in.’( 1) Reviewed by Lois Burke, Edinburgh Napier University Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2015. ![]() |
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